Why do women have longer lives than men?
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn’t strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.
We are aware that women live longer than men, زيوت تطويل الشعر regardless of their weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, زيوت تطويل الشعر (navigate to this website) especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1
This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.
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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is today.
Let’s see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.
First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically during the last century.
If you select the option “Change country in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.
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